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Circle of willis3/13/2023 ![]() ![]() ![]() Typical anatomical variations include the absence of ACoA, unilateral or bilateral PCoA, fetal type arteries, and fused vessels. It consists of a single anterior communicating artery (ACoA), paired anterior cerebral arteries (ACA), middle cerebral arteries (MCA), internal carotid arteries (ICA), posterior communicating arteries (PCoA), posterior cerebral arteries (PCA), single basilar artery (BA) and vertebral arteries (VA).īased on the clinical observations, however, congenital incompleteness of the CoW was observed in over 50 % of the population. The circle of Willis (CoW), a ring-like arterial structure located at the base of the brain, is a cerebral blood supply path as well as a primary cerebral collateral flow channel. Cerebral perfusion depends not only on the status of the affected vessels but also the collateral capacity of collateral pathways. The findings of this study would enhance the understanding of the collateral mechanism of the CoW under different anatomical variations.īrain ischemic infarction occurs when the cerebral perfusion reduced below a certain threshold, such as in the situation of a sudden occlusion of the feeding artery, a rupture of intracranial aneurysms, the embolic phenomena or the surgical maneuvers. The absence of unilateral A1 coexisting with the stenosis in the contralateral ICA could be the most dangerous configuration in terms of the total cerebral blood supply. The collateral function of the PCoA on the affected side will not be fully activated until a severe stenosis occurred in unilateral ICA. The cross-flow in the ACoA is a sensitive indicator of the morphological change of the ICA. ConclusionsĬommunicating arteries provided important collateral channels in the complete CoW when stenosis in unilateral ICA occurred. ![]() The blood flow of the anterior circulation and the total cerebral blood flow (CBF) reached to the minimum in the configuration of the contralateral proximal anterior cerebral artery (A1) absence coexisting with unilateral ICA stenosis. The anterior communicating artery (ACoA) and ipsilateral posterior communicating artery (PCoA) functioned as the important collateral circulation channels when unilateral stenosis occurred. The blood supply of the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) was most affected by the stenosis of ICA. With the development of stenosis in unilateral internal carotid artery (ICA), the cerebral blood supply decreased when the degree of stenosis increased. Flow distributions in five common anatomical variations coexisting with different degrees of stenosis in the right internal carotid artery (RICA) were investigated to obtain detailed flow information. The Carreau model was applied to simulate the non-Newtonian property of blood. In the current study, a patient-specific three-dimensional computational model of the CoW was reconstructed based on the computed tomography (CT) images. The aim of this study is to provide better insights into the cerebral perfusion patterns and collateral mechanism of the circle of Willis (CoW) under anatomical and pathological variations. ![]()
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